Traditional distribution transformers are contributing to important energy losses across  diverse distribution networks claims Wilson Power Solutions. Why is this? No-load losses are present in the transformers even when they are under no-load conditions; in addition, the load factor is very low UK-wide. Put together, up to 3% of all electrical power generated is wasted through transformer losses worldwide.

The core of the majority of today's transformers is made of CRGO steel. When this is replaced by amorphous metal the core loss of the transformer can be reduced by as much as 75%.

The Wilson E2 transformer combines amorphous technology with low loss conductors to achieve savings in both energy costs and associated CO2 emissions, which the company claims makes it one of the most energy efficient distribution transformers on offer.

Why super low loss?
Two types of energy losses are inherent in the running of distribution transformers:
Load losses (copper losses) that vary depending on transformer loading, and no load losses (iron losses) that occur in the magnetic cores and take place over the life of the transformer regardless of the load.

Although first costs are higher than that for a standard transformer, the long term benefitsof the investment are compelling:
Based on a typical 1000 kVA transformer with an average load factor of 60%, energy costs of£0.08/kWh at the terminals and a life expectancy of 25 years you save
- 18,000 kWH/year 
- £1,450/year)
- 10t CO2 emissions/year
Lifetime savings of energy cost, based on the very conservative assumption that energy prices would remain constant, are claimed to be over £40,000.

What are amorphous metals?
Amorphous metals are made of alloys which have no atomic order. The lack of systematic structure has given them the additional name metallic glasses. The first amorphous metal transformers (AMTs) were produced in 1981. They were the result of an extensive study carried out by Luborsky of the General Electric Co, USA in 1978.

Rapid cooling of molten metals prevents crystallization and leaves a vitrified solid with structure in the form of thin strips - a perfect energy saving substitute for CRGO.

Performance
In amorphous metal core transformers, core losses can be reduced by up to 75% compared with CRGO transformers assuming that performance parameters like load loss (copper loss), impedance and temperature rise remain constant.

For more information on the use of amorphous metals in transformers, please visit http://www.wilsonpowersolutions.co.uk